Borobudur
Temple was built during the Mahayana Buddhism discusses around 750-800 AD.
Borobudur Temple was included in 7 magical world, besides being the largest,
Borobudur Temple became a Buddhist Temple that rose because it was long before
the Angkor Wat Temple in Cambodia which was still newly built in the 12th
century by King Suryavarman II.
History
says that the Borobudur Temple was built during the reign of the Syailendra
dynasty. As for its origin, the Borobudur Temple is still filled with mystery
and causes many questions about who its original founder was.
Location Borobudur Temple
Borobudur
Temple is located in the city of Magelang, Central Java. Borobudur temple's
specific address is at Badrawati Street, Borobudur, Magelang City, Central
Java. Borobudur Temple location itself is in the middle and very strategic.
Borobudur
Temple is about 100 km from the city of Semarang, 86 km from Surakarta and 40
km from DI. Yogyakarta.
The History of Borobudur Temple
Borobudur
Temple has a long historical record. Borobudur Temple was built during the
reign of the Syailendra dynasty precisely when there were many followers of
Mahayana Buddhism.
The name
of the Borobudur Temple itself comes from the words bara and budur. In terms of
it, coal has a complex meaning of the monastery and the word budur has the
upper meaning. Then, when combined into the word barabudur, it is read
borobudur, which means the above monastery complex.
As the
name implies, Borobudur Temple is located right on a hill as a truly
magnificent monastery complex.
No one
knows who definitely built the Borobudur Temple. There is no written evidence
or other evidence that explains the exact history of this largest Buddhist
temple. After its discovery, the researchers only estimated that the Borobudur
Temple was built between the years 750-800 AD.
Estimated
time of this construction was also based on a comparison between the types of
characters written on the closed leg of Karmawibhangga Borobudur Temple with
the type of script generally used in royal inscriptions in the 8th and 9th
centuries AD. Syailendra in Central Java, which coincided between 760 to 830 AD.
Choosing a
location above the high hills, the Borobudur Temple monastery complex went
through a process of construction which took from 75 to 100 years. Borobudur
Temple was estimated to have only been completely 100 percent completed during
the reign of King Samaratungga in 825.
The founder of Borobudur Temple
Who built
the Borobudur Temple at that time? Even historical records are not able to
provide evidence and estimates of who must have been the original founder of
Borobudur Temple. Historical records only mention that the Borobudur Temple was
built during the heyday of the Syailendra dynasty.
Although
it is known as Candhi Buddha but actually there was a lack of clarity about the
Borobudur Temple which relics were relics, whether relics of Buddhism or
Hinduism at that time.
In
history, it is known that the people during the Syailendra dynasty were
adherents of Buddhism to the schools of thought or a devout Mahayana sect.
Nevertheless, the findings based on the inscriptions of Sojomerto indicate that
initially they might be Hindus Shiva.
In Java,
at that time, there were a lot of construction of various Hindu temples in the
Kedu plain. Some examples, for example, such as the Shiwalingga holy temple
which is located nearby or in the vicinity of Borobudur Temple. Even so, in
general, it was agreed that Borobudur Temple would be a relic of the Buddhist
kingdom.
Although
history also mentions that the Borobudur Temple itself was built in a period of
almost the same time as the construction of the temples in the Prambanan Plain,
even though the Borobudur Temple was completed first around the year 825 AD.
Borobudur
Temple was originally a building design in the form of a single large stupa
that crowned its peak. However, due to the consideration that the stupa would
be too big and heavy, which would pose a dangerous risk if it was placed on
top, then the stupa was dismantled and replaced with three rows of small size
stupa and one main stupa as it is today.
Magnificent
Borobudur Temple building itself is divided into 10 levels in the form of
punden terraces. The philosophy contained in the 10 levels of the Borobudur
Temple building is to symbolize the stages and processes of human life.
Borobudur
Temple building has six square-shaped terraces on top of which have or have a
circular court. On the walls of the temple is also decorated with approximately
2,672 relief panels and there are 504 Buddha statues. Borobudur's main stupa,
which is the largest, is located in the center and serves as the crown at the
top of this building.
The peak
stupa was surrounded by three rows of 72 perforated stupas with Buddhist
statues sitting cross-legged in the middle of a perfect lotus flower with a
mudra (hand gesture) dharmachakra mudra (turning the wheel of dharma).
Borobudur
Temple is buried in a layer of soil and volcanic ash due to volcanic eruptions
which then over time the land is overgrown with trees and shrubs so that people
do not know that the hills around their environment are graves of giant
temples. Because at that time Borobudur Temple really resembled a hill in
general.
It is not
known why Borobudur was abandoned and abandoned and not treated. According to
history, one possible reason why the Borobudur Temple was abandoned was the
transfer of the capital of the Medang kingdom by Raja Mpu Sindok in 928 to 1006
AD to the East Java region due to disasters caused by volcanic eruptions.
However, this statement is also not certain because there is no evidence to
corroborate.
Borobudur
Temple was later rediscovered, precisely in 1814 AD, by the British government
in Java led by Thomas Stamford Raffles who indeed had an interest in Javanese
history and culture. Raffles was considered very meritorious for the
rediscovery of the Borobudur Temple and began to attract the attention of the world
in the bag of the existence of this lost monument.
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